Which type of client must use insulin?

The type of client who must use insulin is one whose pancreas does not produce insulin, which is characteristic of type 1 diabetes. In this condition, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin on its own due to autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, individuals in this situation must rely on external insulin administration to maintain proper glucose levels and prevent hyperglycemia. Insulin therapy is essential for survival and metabolic control in this group of patients.

In contrast, the other scenarios presented involve different types of diabetes management. A woman in the third trimester of pregnancy may have gestational diabetes, which can sometimes be managed without insulin, especially if blood glucose levels can be maintained through dietary and lifestyle changes. An adult taking metformin typically has type 2 diabetes and may not require insulin therapy if blood glucose is well controlled with oral medications. A client who is obese with slight hyperglycemia may also be managed with lifestyle interventions and oral medications rather than insulin. Thus, the need for insulin therapy is specific to those who do not produce it, highlighting the importance of pancreatic function in glucose regulation.