Which medication class does Metformin belong to?

Metformin is classified as a biguanide, which is a class of medication primarily used to manage type 2 diabetes. The mechanism of action of biguanides like Metformin is multifaceted; it primarily works by decreasing hepatic glucose production (particularly from the liver), increasing insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues, and improving glucose uptake and utilization. This helps lower blood sugar levels effectively.

Understanding the unique properties of Metformin is essential, particularly in contrast to the other drug classes mentioned. For example, thiazolidinediones primarily enhance insulin sensitivity, sulfonylureas stimulate insulin release from pancreatic beta cells, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors delay the absorption of carbohydrates from the intestine. Each class has distinct mechanisms, but Metformin's role and benefits as a biguanide have made it a foundational therapy in the management of type 2 diabetes.