Which classes of medication are commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes?

The choice of sulfonylureas and biguanides as a correct answer highlights two of the most commonly prescribed classes of medications for the management of type 2 diabetes.

Sulfonylureas, such as glipizide and glyburide, work by stimulating the pancreas to release more insulin. They are particularly effective in individuals whose beta-cell function is still relatively intact. By increasing insulin secretion, sulfonylureas help lower blood glucose levels after meals.

Biguanides, with metformin being the most well-known example, are first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes. Metformin primarily works by reducing hepatic glucose production and improving insulin sensitivity, making it a cornerstone in diabetes management. Its favorable side effect profile and potential benefits in cardiovascular health make it a popular choice among healthcare providers.

Both classes target hyperglycemia through different mechanisms, making them effective options when managing type 2 diabetes and contributing to the overall treatment strategy. Understanding these medications and their action can help optimize therapy and improve patient outcomes.