When evaluating a client’s progress with diabetes management, which test is most indicative of long-term glucose control?

The Hemoglobin A1C test is the most indicative measure of long-term glucose control in individuals with diabetes. This test reflects the average blood glucose levels over the previous two to three months by measuring the percentage of hemoglobin molecules that are glycosylated, or coated with sugar. A higher level of A1C indicates poorer control of blood glucose over that time period.

Unlike fasting blood glucose, which provides a snapshot of blood sugar levels after fasting for a certain period, or postprandial glucose measurements, which assess blood glucose levels after eating, the A1C test captures a broader view of blood glucose management. It helps clinicians understand how well a patient has been managing their diabetes over time, allowing for more effective adjustments to treatment plans.

Urine glucose measurement, while useful for certain aspects of diabetes management, does not effectively reflect long-term glucose control since it can be influenced by many factors, including hydration status and the renal threshold for glucose reabsorption.