What gastrointestinal side effect is often associated with metformin?

Metformin is a widely used medication for the management of type 2 diabetes, and gastrointestinal side effects are commonly reported among users. Diarrhea stands out as a frequent side effect associated with metformin, occurring in a significant percentage of patients. This side effect can manifest as loose stools or an increased frequency of bowel movements, particularly when individuals first start taking the medication or when the dosage is increased.

The mechanism behind this gastrointestinal effect is thought to relate to how metformin affects intestinal motility and fluid absorption. By modifying the gut environment and potentially increasing gut microbiota activity, metformin can stimulate a change in bowel habits.

While stomach cramps and constipation can occur in some patients, they are less commonly reported compared to diarrhea. Intestinal obstruction is a much rarer complication not typically linked to metformin use. Understanding these side effects helps healthcare providers manage the medication's use and monitor patients for any adverse reactions effectively.