What effect does metformin have on glucose production in the liver?

Metformin primarily functions by reducing glucose production in the liver. It achieves this by decreasing hepatic gluconeogenesis, which is the process through which the liver generates glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. By inhibiting this process, metformin helps to lower blood sugar levels, making it particularly effective for individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Additionally, metformin enhances insulin sensitivity, which improves glucose uptake by muscles and fat cells, further contributing to its overall glucose-lowering effect. This combined action not only helps to regulate blood glucose levels effectively but also addresses the underlying issue of insulin resistance commonly seen in type 2 diabetes.

Understanding how metformin acts on the liver is crucial for recognizing its role in glucose regulation and its importance in diabetes management.