In which class of medications is metformin categorized?

Metformin is categorized as a biguanide, which is a class of medications specifically used to manage blood glucose levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. This drug primarily works by reducing hepatic glucose production, enhancing insulin sensitivity in muscle and fat tissues, and increasing peripheral glucose uptake and utilization.

The classification of metformin as a biguanide is significant because it highlights its unique mechanism of action compared to other diabetes medication classes. For example, sulfonylureas stimulate insulin secretion from the pancreas, while thiazolidinediones improve insulin sensitivity primarily in adipose tissue and muscle. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, on the other hand, work by increasing levels of incretin hormones, which help to regulate glucose levels by increasing insulin release in response to meals.

Understanding that metformin belongs to the biguanide class can help differentiators recognize its role and therapeutic effects within diabetes management, as well as inform them about its safety profile, contraindications, and potential side effects.