How does metformin increase insulin receptor sensitivity?

Metformin is known for its role in enhancing insulin receptor sensitivity, primarily by promoting cellular glucose uptake. When metformin is administered, it acts on the liver to decrease glucose production and also enhances the sensitivity of peripheral tissues, such as muscle and fat cells, to insulin. This leads to an increased ability of these tissues to take up glucose from the bloodstream in response to insulin.

By promoting cellular glucose uptake, metformin helps lower blood sugar levels and improves overall glucose regulation. This mechanism is crucial for individuals with insulin resistance, such as those with type 2 diabetes, where the body’s cells do not respond effectively to insulin. As a result, metformin helps to not just lower glucose levels but also to ensure that the body's tissues utilize glucose more effectively.

In contrast, the other choices do not accurately represent the primary mechanism of how metformin works to enhance insulin receptor sensitivity. Increasing glucose absorption refers to the intestine's ability to absorb glucose, which is not a direct action of metformin. Decreasing glucose metabolism is not correct because metformin actually enhances glucose metabolism at the level of the tissues. Reducing the production of glucagon plays a supportive role in metformin's overall effect on blood sugar levels but is not the primary mechanism for enhancing insulin